ABSTRACT

The Perspective of the Ricoeur hermeneutics about tolerance at the Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) focuses on the interpretation process of NU as an influential Islamic organization concerning tolerance to non-Muslims. The understanding of current tolerance is crucial amid strengthening the action of intolerances and discrimination in various forms of intimidation and assault on minority groups. In addition, the interpretation of the meaning of tolerance can be considered to be one of the triggers of radical action, especially when associated with issues of political leadership, the establishment of a place of worship, and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand how the process of interpretation done by NU about tolerance toward non-Muslims. The Method in this study was the hermeneutics method of Paul Ricoeur, that emphasizing the interpretation of the text with the distanciation process between text and the reader. The results show that the interpretation process of tolerance is based on the language (verses) of the Qur'an surat al-Hujurat verse 13 "Lita'arafu", which means to know each other. In the process of language distancing into discourse, the verse is understood by NU tolerances as Ukhuwah Wathaniyah, the Brotherhood of country and nation. The practice of discourse shows that the interpretation of NU is motivated by the reality that the plurality of religion as Sunnatullah, and its practice in the context of muamalah, and to realize the treatise of Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil-aalamin.  The contextual interpretation of NU is based on the importance of maintaining the integrity of the Indonesia.  The Interpretation of this tolerance to non-Muslims can be used as a counter-discourse of the interpretations of radical Islamist groups that considers non-Muslims to be enemies so that they must be affected even.

keywords:  hermeneutics, nahdlatul ulama, tolerance, ukhuwah wathaniyah

ABSTRAK

Perspektif hermeneutika Ricoeur tentang toleransi di organisasi Islam Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) memfokuskan pada proses penafsiran NU sebagai organisasi Islam berpengaruh mengenai toleransi terhadap non-muslim. Pemahaman atas toleransi saat ini sangat penting di tengah menguatkan tindakan intoleran dan diskriminasi dalam berbagai bentuk intimidasi dan penyerangan terhadap kelompok-kelompok minoritas. Selain itu, penafsiran mengenai makna toleransi ini dapat dianggap menjadi salah satu pemicu tindakan radikal, terutama bila dikaitkan dengan isu-isu kepemimpinan politik, pendirian tempat ibadah, dan sejenisnya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendalami proses penafsiran mengenai toleransi terhadap non-muslim oleh organisasi Islam NU. Studi ini menggunakan perspektif dan metode hermeneutika Ricoeur yang menfokuskan pada otonomi teks dalam proses penafsiran dan distansiasi makna antara pembuat teks dan pembaca. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa dalam proses penafsiran tentang toleransi terhadap non-muslim NU merujuk pada kata “lita’arafu” dalam surat al-Hujurat: 13, yang berarti supaya saling mengenal. Melalui distansiasi dari bahasa ke diskursus, kata “lita’arafu” dipahami NU dalam bentuk ukhuwah wathaniyah, yakni persaudaraan sebangsa dan senegara. Praktik diskursus menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran NU tersebut dilatarbelakangi realitas bahwa pluralitas agama sebagai sunnatullah, dan praktiknya dalam konteks muamalah, serta untuk mewujudkan risalah Islam sebagai agama rahmatan lil-aalamin. Secara kontekstual penafsiran NU dilandasi kepentingan menjaga keutuhan NKRI. Penafsiran tentang toleransi terhadap non-muslim NU ini dapat dijadikan sebagai wacana tandingan atas penafsiran kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal yang menganggap non-muslim sebagai musuh sehingga harus dimusuhi bahkan diperangi.

kata kunci: hermeneutika, nahdlatul ulama, toleransi, ukhuwah wathaniyah

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