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      "referencetext": "Al Lawati, H., Blair, B. M., & Larnard, J. (2024). Urinary Tract Infections: Core\r\nCurriculum 2024. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 83(1), 90\u2013100.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.08.009\r\nAlhamd, L., & Polosakan, R. (2011). Komposisi Jenis Dan Struktur Vegetasi Di\r\nHutan Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak-Sukabumi.\r\nAnwar, R. (2018). Apigenin Daun Rasamala (Altingia excelsa nornha) Sebagai\r\nAntibakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Insisiva Dental Journal : Majalah\r\nKedokteran Gigi Insisiva, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/di.7294\r\nAnwar, R., & Hajardhini, P. (2022). Antibacterial Activity of Gallic Acid from the\r\nLeaves of Altingia excelsa noronha to Enterococcus faecalis. Open Access\r\nMacedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 1\u20136.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10340\r\nAnwar, R., Wirda, S. K., & Harniati, E. D. (2021). Perbandingan Aktivitas\r\nAntibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Rasamala (Altingia excelsa noronha) dan\r\nBahan Pengisi 3 Mix terhadap Enterococcus faecalis. Indonesian Journal of\r\nDentistry, 1(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.26714/ijd.v1i1.6812\r\nBalahbib, A., El Omari, N., Hachlafi, N. EL., Lakhdar, F., El Menyiy, N., Salhi, N.,\r\nMrabti, H. N., Bakrim, S., Zengin, G., & Bouyahya, A. (2021). Health\r\nbeneficial and pharmacological properties of p-cymene. Food and Chemical\r\nToxicology, 153, 112259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112259\r\nBen Akacha, B., Michalak, M., Generali\u0107 Mekini\u0107, I., Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M., Chaari, M.,\r\nBrini, F., Ben Saad, R., Mnif, W., Garzoli, S., & Ben Hsouna, A. (2024).\r\nMixture design of \u03b1\u2010pinene, \u03b1\u2010terpineol, and 1,8\u2010cineole: A multiobjective\r\nresponse followed by chemometric approaches to optimize the antibacterial\r\neffect against various bacteria and antioxidant activity. Food Science &\r\nNutrition, 12(1), 574\u2013589. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3780\r\nBhargavi, G., Nageswara Rao, P., & Renganathan, S. (2018). Review on the\r\nExtraction Methods of Crude oil from all Generation Biofuels in last few Decades. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 330,\r\n012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/330/1/012024\r\nBoukhris, M., Simmonds, M. S. J., Sayadi, S., & Bouaziz, M. (2013). Chemical\r\nComposition and Biological Activities of Polar Extracts and Essential Oil of\r\nRose\u2010scented Geranium, Pelargonium graveolens. Phytotherapy Research,\r\n27(8), 1206\u20131213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4853\r\nBPOM. (2023). Pedoman Produk Bahan Alam Berbasis Ekstrak dan Fermentasi\r\n(Vol. 1). Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia.\r\nBrooks, Geo., Carroll, K. C. ., Butel, Janet., & Morse, Stephen. (2012). Jawetz\r\nMelnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. McGraw-Hill Publishing.\r\nCarroll, K. C. ., Pfaller, M. 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Frontiers in Public Health, 13.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1648877\r\nClinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2024). CLSI MO2 : performance\r\nstandards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests (B. L. Zimmer, Ed.; 14th\r\ned.). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.\r\nCLSI. (2025). CLSI M100 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility\r\ntesting (35th ed.). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.\r\nCordeiro, L., Figueiredo, P., Souza, H., Sousa, A., Andrade-J\u00fanior, F., Medeiros, D.,\r\nN\u00f3brega, J., Silva, D., Martins, E., Barbosa-Filho, J., & Lima, E. (2020).\r\nTerpinen-4-ol as an Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agent against\r\nStaphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(12),\r\n4531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124531\r\nCushnie, T. P. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2011). Recent advances in understanding the\r\nantibacterial properties of flavonoids. 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Global Burden of Disease 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021\r\nStudy. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.\r\nIkuta, K. S., Swetschinski, L. R., Robles Aguilar, G., Sharara, F., Mestrovic, T.,\r\nGray, A. P., Davis Weaver, N., Wool, E. E., Han, C., Gershberg Hayoon, A.,\r\nHay, S. I., Dolecek, C., Sartorius, B., Murray, C. J. L., & Naghavi, M. (2022).\r\nGlobal mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic\r\nanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet,\r\n400(10369), 2221\u20132248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7\r\nInternational Plant Names Index (IPNI). (n.d.). Altingia excelsa noronha. Harvard\r\nUniversity Herbaria & Libraries, and Australian National Herbarium.\r\nRetrieved December 2, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/60462606-2\r\nIstomo, I., & Sari, P. N. (2019). Penyebaran Dan Karakteristik Habitat Jenis\r\nRasamal (Altingia excelsa noronha) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun\r\nSalak. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of\r\nNatural Resources and Environmental Management), 9(3), 608\u2013625.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.3.608-625\r\nJohansen, B., Duval, R., & Sergere, J.-C. (2022). First Evidence of a Combination\r\nof Terpinen-4-ol and \u03b1-Terpineol as a Promising Tool against ESKAPE\r\nPathogens. Molecules, 27(21), 7472.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217472\r\nKalamanda, O. (2010). Isolation, chemical and microbiological characterization of\r\nessential oils from tobacco waste. 57(Spec.num.2).\r\nKemenkes. (2020). Farmakope Indonesia (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Ed.; VI).\r\nKemenkes. (2025). Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Klinis Tata Laksana Infeksi\r\nSaluran Kemih.\r\nLaPierre, L., Cornejo, J., & Asun, A. (2020). Laboratory Guide: Methodologies for\r\nAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and\r\nConformance. www.apec.org\r\nMaheshwaran, L., Nadarajah, L., Senadeera, S. P. N. N., Ranaweera, C. B.,\r\nChandana, A. K., & Pathirana, R. N. (2024). Phytochemical Testing\r\nMethodologies and Principles for Preliminary Screening/ Qualitative Testing.\r\nAsian Plant Research Journal, 12(5), 11\u201338.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2024/v12i5267\r\nMahon, C. R. ., & Lehman, D. C. . (2019). Textbook of diagnostic microbiology.\r\nElsevier Saunders.\r\nMarchese, A., Arciola, C., Barbieri, R., Silva, A., Nabavi, S., Tsetegho Sokeng, A.,\r\nIzadi, M., Jafari, N., Suntar, I., Daglia, M., & Nabavi, S. (2017). Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene.\r\nMaterials, 10(8), 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080947\r\nMoni, S. S., Sabei, F. Y., Salawi, A., Ali, M., Hadi, I. M., Moshi, J. M., Rehman, Z.\r\nur, Elmobark, M. E., Ahmad, S., Dawod, O. Y., & Alsabei, H. M. (2026).\r\nAntioxidant and antibacterial potential of bioactive extraction from Cadaba\r\nglandulosa leaves. PLOS One, 21(3), e0344664.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344664\r\nMulyati Rahayu, Titi Kalima, Marwan Setiawan, Siti Susiarti, Ida Farida Hasanah,\r\nMuhamad Nikmatullah, Esti Munawaroh, Harry Wiriadinata, Peniwidiyanti,\r\nSujarwo, W., & Purwanto, Y. (2024). Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Berguna di\r\nKawasan Hutan Bodogol, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango.\r\nPenerbit BRIN. https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.816\r\nMulyawan, B., Widodo, A. D. W., & Endraswari, P. D. (2024). Comparison of\r\ngeneration time between Escherichia coli non- extended spectrum betalactamase\r\n(non-ESBL) and ESBL on ciprofloxacin and tetracycline induction:\r\nExperimental research. Bali Medical Journal, 13(1), 811\u2013815.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v13i1.4890\r\nMurray, C. J. L., Ikuta, K. S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Robles Aguilar, G.,\r\nGray, A., Han, C., Bisignano, C., Rao, P., Wool, E., Johnson, S. C., Browne,\r\nA. J., Chipeta, M. 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      "institution": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka",
      "abstract": "Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dengan kontribusi\r\nbesar terhadap beban penyakit global, khususnya infeksi bakteri. Escherichia coli\r\nmerupakan patogen penting penyebab berbagai penyakit infeksi dan menunjukkan\r\nkecenderungan peningkatan resistensi terhadap antibiotik, sehingga diperlukan\r\npengembangan alternatif agen antibakteri. Daun rasamala (Altingia excelsa noronha)\r\nmerupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang secara tradisional dimanfaatkan dalam\r\npengobatan dan diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai\r\nantibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi antibakteri ekstrak metanol daun\r\nrasamala terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian\r\neksperimental in vitro menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Analisis\r\nkandungan senyawa dilakukan menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry\r\n(GC-MS), hasilnya menunjukkan adanya 62 senyawa yang teridentifikasi, dengan senyawa\r\ndominan yaitu 4-Fluorobenzylamine, N-decyl-N-methyl-. Ekstrak metanol daun rasamala\r\ndiuji pada konsentrasi 60%, 70%, 80%, dan 90%, dengan ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol\r\npositif dan aquades steril sebagai kontrol negatif. Meskipun terdeteksi beberapa senyawa\r\nyang dilaporkan memiliki potensi antibakteri, seluruh konsentrasi ekstrak tidak\r\nmenghasilkan zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli, sedangkan kontrol positif\r\nmenghasilkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 35.3 mm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut,\r\ndapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun rasamala belum menunjukkan potensi\r\nantibakteri terhadap E. coli pada kondisi pengujian yang digunakan.\r\nKata Kunci: Daun rasamala, Altinga excelsa, Escherichia coli, antibakteri, difusi cakram,\r\nGC-MS.",
      "ispublished": "pub",
      "thesis_name": "bphil",
      "creators": [
        {
          "name": {
            "honourific": null,
            "lineage": null,
            "given": "ALYAA",
            "family": "SHAFAA ALYAA"
          }
        }
      ],
      "full_text_status": "restricted",
      "title": "SKRIPSI-2210015030-SHAFAA ALYAA-REPOSITORY",
      "datestamp": "2026-09-14 08:06:15",
      "rev_number": 8,
      "divisions": [
        11201
      ],
      "eprintid": 56380
    }