{
      "documents": [
          {
            "uri": "http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/document/299690",
            "language": "en",
            "placement": 1,
            "security": "validuser",
            "files": [
                {
                  "filename": "SKRIPSI-2210015026-SALZABILLA SYAHRAJAB-REPOSITORY.pdf",
                  "uri": "http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/file/700128",
                  "hash_type": "MD5",
                  "datasetid": "document",
                  "filesize": 19590992,
                  "hash": "3aa900d2d7576b25be4a648f95907017",
                  "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                  "mtime": "2026-09-14 07:42:15",
                  "objectid": 299690,
                  "fileid": 700128
                }
            ],
            "rev_number": 2,
            "format": "text",
            "docid": 299690,
            "eprintid": 56377,
            "mime_type": "application/pdf",
            "main": "SKRIPSI-2210015026-SALZABILLA SYAHRAJAB-REPOSITORY.pdf",
            "pos": 1
          }
      ],
      "lastmod": "2026-09-14 08:06:23",
      "metadata_visibility": "show",
      "department": "PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER",
      "date": 2026,
      "dir": "disk0/00/05/63/77",
      "type": "thesis",
      "userid": 2314,
      "status_changed": "2026-09-14 08:06:23",
      "subjects": [
        "R",
        "Skripsi"
      ],
      "eprint_status": "archive",
      "date_type": "published",
      "thesis_type": "bachelor",
      "uri": "http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/eprint/56377",
      "referencetext": "Ada\u015fcalului, M., Tih\u0103uan, B. M., Berca, L. M., Martinez Sanmartin, A., Nica, S.,\r\nCimponeriu, D., & Du\u0163\u0103, D. (2020). Experimental in vitro cytotoxicity evalua\r\ntion of plant bioactive compounds and phytoagents: A review. Romanian Bio\r\ntechnological Letters, 25(4), 1832\u20131842.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.25083/rbl/25.4/1832.1842\r\nAgus, K., Fauzan, R., Febriani,M., Bii, W., Salsabila, A., Rahma, S., & Wulandari,\r\nD. (2025). Review article: Validation of gas chromatography mass spectrome\r\ntry (GCMS) methods in the analysis of volatile compounds in natural materia\r\nls. Indonesia Natural Research Pharmaceutical Journal, 10(2), 115\u2013128.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.52447/inrpj.v10i2.9195\r\nAljabali, A. A. A., Obeid, M. A., Bashatwah, R. M., Qnais, E., Gammoh, O., Alqu\r\ndah, A., Mishra, V., Mishra, Y., Khan, M. A., Parvez, S., El Tanani, M., & H\r\natahet, T. (2025). Phytochemicals in cancer therapy: A structured review of\r\nmechanisms, challenges, and progress in personalized treatment. Chemistry\r\n& Biodiversity, 22(8), e202402479. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202402479\r\nAmirav, A., Neumark, B., Elkabets, O., & Alon, T. (2024). NIST library identific\r\nation probabilities are the highest with cold EI mass spectra. Journal of the\r\nAmerican Society for Mass Spectrometry, 35(5), 903\u2013912.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.4c00441\r\nAnwar, R., Setiawan, A., & Supratman, U. (2019). Apoptosis mediated anti prolif\r\nerative activity of kaempferol and quercetine isolated from the leaves of\r\nAltingia excelsa against human tongue SP-C1 cell lines. Jurnal Kedokteran\r\nGigi Universitas Baiturrahmah, 8(3), 277\u2013284.\r\nAnwar, R., Setiawan, A., & Supratman, U. (2019). Senyawa daun rasamala (Altin\r\ngia excelsa Noronha) sebagai penghambat proliferasi sel kanker lidah manusia\r\nin vitro. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Anak, 11(2), 85\u201392.\r\nAnwar, R., Setiawan, A., & Supratman, U. (2020). Isolasi senyawa flavonoid dari\r\ndaun rasamala (Altingia excelsa). Denta: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, 14(1), 21\u2013\r\n28. https://doi.org/10.30649/denta.v14i1\r\nAnwar, R., Setiawan, A., Supriatno, S., & Supratman, U. (2018). Two flavonoid\r\ncompounds as antiproliferative activity against SP-C1 cancer tongue cells\r\nfrom the leaves of rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha). Jurnal Kimia VALE\r\nNSI, 4(2), 75\u201378. https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v4i2.7304\r\nAnwar, R., Wirda, S. K., & Harniati, E. D. (2021). Perbandingan aktivitas antibak\r\nteri ekstrak etil asetat daun rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha) dan bahan p\r\nengisi 3 mix terhadap Enterococcus faecalis. Indonesian Journal of Dentistry,\r\n1(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.26714/ijd.v1i1.6812\r\nAvigail, Y., Yudiati, E., & Pringgenies, D. (2019). Aktivitas antioksidan dan kand\r\nungan total fenolik pada teripang di perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Journal o\r\nf Marine Research, 8(4), 346\u2013354. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i4.24600\r\nBonsou, I. N., Mbaveng, A. T., Nguenang, G. S., Chi, G. F., Kuete, V., & Efferth,\r\nT. (2022). Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the fruit extract of\r\nTetrapleura tetraptera (Schumm. & Thonn.) Taub. (Fabaceae). BMC Comple\r\nmentary Medicine and Therapies, 22(1), Article 178.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03659-1\r\nBousbaa, H., Cidade, H., & Silva, P. M. A. (2025). Advances in bioactive compou\r\nnds and cancer therapy-Insights from the special issue \u201cBioactive Compounds\r\nin Cancers.\u201d Internasional Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(12), Article 56\r\n32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125632\r\nBray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Soerjomataram, I., &\r\nJemal, A. (2024). Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of\r\nincidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A C\r\nancer Journal for Clinicians, 74(3), 229\u2013263.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834\r\nBrown, J. S., Amend, S. R., Austin, R. H., Gatenby, R. A., Hammarlund, E. U., &\r\nPienta, K. J. (2023). Updating the definition of cancer. Molecular Cancer Re\r\nsearch, 21(11), 1142\u20131147. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-23-0411\r\nBunga Dwiyanti, A., Niken Putri Ferdinand, D., Dewi, M., Mila Wati, N., & Hind\r\nriani, R. (2025). Review metode ekstraksi: Maserasi, perkolasi, infusa, soxhlet,\r\nrefluks, ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), dan microwave assisted\r\nextraction (MAE). Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran, 4(3), 31\u201349.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.55606/jurrike.v4i3.6465\r\nCai, L., Qin, X., Xu, Z., Song, Y., Jiang, H., Wu, Y., Ruan, H., & Chen, J. (2019).\r\nComparison of cytotoxicity evaluation of anticancer drugs between real-time\r\ncell analysis and CCK-8 method. ACS Omega, 4(7), 12036\u201312042.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01142\r\nCarolina, A., Rizqi, M., Priadi, T., Rachmawati, E., Meilani, R., Kusumoto, D., &\r\nSari, R. K. (2026). Antifungal potential of methyl jasmonate induced Liquida\r\nmbar excelsa balsam exudate fractions against the wood decay fungus Schizo\r\nphyllum commune. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 54(\r\n1), 81\u201393. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2026.54.1.81\r\nChen, G., Liu, W., & Yan, B. (2022). Breast cancer MCF-7 cell spheroid culture\r\nfor drug discovery and development. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 13(3), 117\u2013\r\n130. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2022.133009\r\nClark, A. M., Magawa, C., Pliego-Zamora, A., Low, P., Reynolds, M., & Ralph, S.\r\nJ. (2021). Tea tree oil extract causes mitochondrial superoxide production and\r\napoptosis as an anticancer agent, promoting tumor infiltrating neutrophils cyt\r\notoxic for breast cancer to induce tumor regression. Biomedicine & Pharmac\r\notherapy, 140, Article 111790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111790\r\nCom\u015fa, \u015e., C\u00eempean, A. M., & Raica, M. (2015). The story of MCF-7 breast cancer\r\ncell line: 40 years of experience in research. Anticancer Research, 35(6), 314\r\n7\u20133154.\r\nDi Nardo, P., Lisanti, C., Garutti, M., Buriolla, S., Alberti, M., Mazzeo, R., & Pug\r\nlisi, F. (2022). Chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer: Clinical overview and management of longterm side effects. Expert Opinion on Drug Sa\r\nfety, 21(11), 1341\u20131355. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2022.2151584\r\nFan, J., Schiemer, T., Vaska, A., Jahed, V., & Klavins, K. (2024). Cell viability as\r\nsay changes cellular metabolic characteristics by intervening with glycolysis\r\nand pentose phosphate pathway. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 37(2), 20\r\n8\u2013211. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00339\r\nFerlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Pi\u00f1eros, M., Znaor, A., So\r\nerjomataram, I., & Bray, F. (2024). Global cancer observatory: Cancer today\r\n2022. Internasional Agency for Research on Cancer, 24(1), 12\u201318.\r\nFreshney, R. I. (2010). Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique and s\r\npecialized applications (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.\r\nFreshney, R. I., Capes-\r\nDavis, A., Gregory, C., & Przyborski, S. (2016). Culture of animal cells: A m\r\nanual of basic technique and specialized applications (7th ed.). Wiley-\r\nBlackwell.\r\nGarg, P., Pareek, S., Kulkarni, P., Horne, D., Salgia, R., & Singhal, S. S. (2024).\r\nNext-generation immunotherapy: Advancing clinical applications in cancer\r\ntreatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(21), Article 6537.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216537\r\nGeng, J., Wang, Y., Lv, F., Yu, X., Gong, M., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang,\r\nX., Yang, J., & Yang, X. A. (2024). Coumestrol facilitates apoptosis in color\r\nectal cancer cells by interacting with ZIP8 protein via the ferroptosis pathway.\r\nJournal of Cancer, 15(14), 4656\u20134667. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.94628\r\nGhasemi, M., Turnbull, T., Sebastian, S., & Kempson, I. (2021). The MTT assay:\r\nUtility, limitations, pitfalls, and interpretation in bulk and single-cell analysis.\r\nInternasional Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), 12827.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312827\r\nGovaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R., & Paton, A. (2021). The W\r\norld Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for explor\r\ning global plant diversity. Scientific Data, 8(1), Article 215.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6\r\nGu, Y., Yang, R., Zhang, Y., Guo, M., Takehiro, K., Zhan, M., Yang, L., & Wang,\r\nH. (2025). Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in overcoming\r\nchemotherapy resistance in cancer. Molecular Biomedicine, 6(1), Article 2.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00239-2\r\nGunawan, F. I., Putri, S., & Rhamdanawati, U. (2024). Kajian metode maserasi ek\r\nstrak daun teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) dengan berbagai pelarut. Jurnal Biol\r\nogy Science & Education, 13(1), 45\u201356.\r\nHan, X., Deng, S., Wang, N., Liu, Y., & Yang, X. (2016). Inhibitory effects and\r\nmolecular mechanisms of etrahydrocurcumin against human breast cancer M\r\nCF-7 cells. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1), Article 30616.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.30616\r\nHasibuan, N. H., & Karolina, I. R. (2023). Kromatografi gas. Penerbit IPB Press.\r\nHibrah, H., Ikhsandy, F., Yahya, A. K., & Rosalina, R. (2022). Variation of time\r\nand ethanol solvent concentration of kinetic maceration tannin extraction from\r\naromatic Areca catechu. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia, 6(1), 9\u201315.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14180\r\nIbarra-Cuevas, Z. J., Nunez-Varela, J. I., Nunez-Varela, A., Martinez-Perez, F. E.,\r\nNava-Mu\u00f1oz, S. E., Ram\u00edrez-G\u00e1mez, C. A., & Perez-Gonzalez, H. G. (2024).\r\nDetermining relevant risk factors for breast cancer. Proceedings of the Institute\r\nfor System Programming of the RAS, 36(1), 225\u2013238.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2024-36(1)-14\r\nIndrayanti, I., Hidayati, T., & Setyanto, A. B. (2022). The potential of Centella asi\r\natica herb and Cyperus rotundus L. Rhizomes extract as a chemoprevention a\r\ngent for lung cancer. Open Access Macedonian Journal\r\nof Medical Sciences, 10(A), 1132\u20131138.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7605\r\nInternational Plant Names Indeks [IPNI]. (2026). Altingia excelsa Noronha. Royal\r\nBotanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Australian National\r\nHerbarium. https://www.ipni.org/n/60462606-2\r\nIstomo, & Sari, P. N. (2019). Distribution and habitat characteristics of Rasamala\r\n(Altingia excelsa Noronha) in Halimun Salak Mountain National Park. Jurnal\r\nPengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 9(3), 608\u2013625.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.3.608-625\r\nKartawinata, K., & Sudarmonowati, E. (2022). Ekologi dan keragaman vegetasi.\r\nLIPI Press / BRIN.\r\nKumar, V., Abbas, A. K., Aster, J. C., & Perkins, J. A. (2018). Robbins basic path\r\nology (10th ed.). Elsevier.\r\nLabagu, R., Asri, M., Naiu, S., & Yusuf, N. (2022). Kadar saponin ekstrak buah\r\nmangrove (Sonneratia alba) dan daya hambatnya terhadap radikal bebas DPP\r\nH. Jambura Fish Processing Journal, 4(1), 1\u201311.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.37905/jfpj.v4i1.9344\r\nLukman, Marwanti, & Mus, S. (2021). Uji sitotoksik ekstrak daun murbei (Morus\r\nalba L) terhadap sel kanker MCF7 dan selektifitasnya. Pharmacy Medical Jo\r\nurnal, 4(2), 58\u201365.\r\nMmuta, E. C., Echekoba, C. A., Igwe, O. S., Ogbuagu, J. O., Arinze, R. U., & On\r\nyekaonwu, O. E. (2024). Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of\r\nbioactive compounds present in methanolic extracts of 60 days old Nigerian\r\nVigna radiata leaves. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Res\r\nearch, 6(1), 459\u2013467. https://doi.org/10.25082/jpbr.2024.01.002\r\nMukerjee, S., Saeedan, A. S., Ansari, M. N., & Singh, M. (2021). Polyunsaturated\r\nfatty acids mediated regulation of membrane biochemistry and tumor cell me\r\nmbrane integrity. Membranes, 11(7), Article 479.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070479\r\nNascimento, R. G. do. (2022). Epidemiology and risk factors for breast cancer: A\r\nliterature review. Revista Cient\u00edfica Multidisciplinar N\u00facleo do Conheciment o, 7(2), 5\u201317.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/risk-factors\r\nNathanael, F., Syafira, G., Fitriani, F., & Ferdinan, H. (2025). Pengaruh jenis pela\r\nrut terhadap ekstraksi antioksidan kulit manggis menggunakan metode sonik\r\nasi ultrasound: Review artikel penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat da\r\nn Riset Pendidikan, 3(4), 2497\u20132501.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v3i4.713\r\nNguyen, S. T., Nguyen, H. T. L., & Truong, K. D. (2020). Comparative cytotoxic\r\neffects of methanol, ethanol and DMSO on human cancer cell lines. Biomedi\r\ncal Research and Therapy, 7(7), 3855\u20133859.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v7i7.614\r\nNoordam, E. R. (2023). Efek sitotoksik ekstrak etanol propolis yang diisolasi dari\r\nsarang lebah (Apis mellifera L) terhadap sel kanker MCF-7. Cendekia\r\nJournal: Jurnal Fakultas Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 34\u201342.\r\nOjong, C., Besong, S. A., & Aryee, A. N. A. (2026). Solvent based extraction rec\r\novers phytochemicals from medicinal plants demonstrating anticancer and\r\nchemopreventive potential: A review. Molecules, 31(7), Article 1202.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31071202\r\nOrrantia-Borunda, E., Anchondo-Nu\u00f1ez, P., Acu\u00f1a-Aguilar, L. E., G\u00f3mez-Valles,\r\nF. O., & Ram\u00edrez-Valdespino, C. A. (2022). Subtypes of breast cancer. In\r\nBreast Cancer (pp. 31\u201342). Exon Publications.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-subtypes\r\nPopova, M., & Bankova, V. (2023). Contemporary methods for the extraction and\r\nisolation of natural products. BMC Chemistry, 17(1), Article 29.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-023-00960-z\r\nPuspawati, N. M., Paramartha, I. D. G. Y., Rustini, N. L., & Wijaya, P. S. (2024).\r\nPengaruh pemberian ekstrak metanol daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Bu\r\nrm f.) terhadap kadar malondialdehida dan aktivitas superoksida dismutase\r\npada darah tikus wistar yang terpapar asap rokok. Jurnal Kimia, 18(1), 35\u201342.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2024.v18.i01.p05\r\nRahayu, M., Titi, K., Marwan, S., & Siti, S. (2024). Keanekaragaman tumbuhan\r\nberguna. LIPI Press / BRIN.\r\nRawal, P., Baral, R., & Panta, S. (2025). In vitro experimental study of aqueous and\r\nethanolic extracts of selected medicinal plants for free radical scavenging and\r\nhypoglycemic activity. Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Pla\r\nnts, 8(2), 36\u201350. https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.1728419\r\nSamy, M. N., Attia, E. Z., Khalifa, B. A., Abdelmohsen, U. R., & Ross, S. A. (20\r\n24). LC-ESI-MS and GC-MS profiling, chemical composition, and cytotoxic\r\nactivity of endophytic fungus Pleosporales sp. derived from Artemisia annua.\r\nChemistry, 6(6), 1336\u20131346. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6060078/s1\r\nS\u00e1nchez-D\u00edez, M., Romero-Jim\u00e9nez, P., Alegr\u00eda-Aravena, N., Gavira-O\u2019Neill, C.\r\nE., Vicente-Garc\u00eda, E., Quiroz-Troncoso, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Martos, R., Ram\u00edrez-\r\nCastillejo, C., & Pastor, J. M. (2025). Assessment of cell viability in drug therapy: IC50 and other new time independent indices for evaluating chemot\r\nherapy efficacy. Pharmaceutics, 17(2), Article 247.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020247\r\nSathya, T. N., Mehta, V. A., Senthil, D., Navaneethakrishnan, K. R., Murugan, S.\r\nS., & Kumaravel, T. S. (2020). Cytotoxicity evaluation of CELNORM, a nutr\r\nitional health supplement, on MCF7 breast cancer cells. Indian Journal of Sci\r\nence and Technology, 13(30), 3070\u20133075.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i30.1150\r\nSchuurman, T. N., Witteveen, P. O., van der Wall, E., Passier, J. L M., Huitema, A.\r\nD. R., Amant, F., & Lok, C. A. R. (2019). Tamoxifen and pregnancy: An abs\r\nolute contraindication? Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 175(1), 17\u2013\r\n25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05154-7\r\nSegeritz, C. P., & Vallier, L. (2017). Cell culture: Growing cells as model systems\r\nin vitro. In Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers (pp. 151\u2013172).\r\nAcademic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803077-6.00009-6\r\nSetiawan, S. I., Safitri, E. I., Nailul Muna, L., & Hidayati, D. N. (2021). Aktivitas\r\nsitotoksik dan induksi apoptosis dari ekstrak etanol kulit apel hijau (Pyrus ma\r\nlus L.) terhadap sel MCF-7. Jurnal Pharmascience, 8(2), 69\u201378.\r\nhttps://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/pharmascience\r\nSilva, G. dos S. e., Marques, J. N. de J., Linhares, E. P. M., Bonora, C. M., Costa,\r\n\u00c9. T., & Saraiva, M. F. (2022). Review of anticancer activity of monoterpeno\r\nids: Geraniol, nerol, geranial and neral. Chemico-Biological\r\nInteractions, 362, Article 109994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109994\r\nSivakumaran, N., Samarakoon, S. R., Adhikari, A., Ediriweera, M. K., Tennekoon,\r\nK. H., Malavige, N., Thabrew, I., & Shrestha, R. L. S. (2018). Cytotoxic and\r\napoptotic effects of govaniadine isolated from Corydalis govaniana Wall. roots\r\non human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. BioMed Research\r\nInternational, 2018, Article 3171348. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3171348\r\nSobhkhizi, A., Babaei, E., Azeez, H. J., Katiraee, F., Hussen, B. M., & Hoseinpour\r\nFeizi, M. A. (2020). Dendrosomal nano-curcumin modulates p-glycoprotein\r\nactivity and induces apoptosis in wild type and p53-mutant breast cancer cell\r\nlines. Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 11(4), Article\r\ne109143. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcmb.109143\r\nSrinivasan, B., & Lloyd, M. D. (2024). Dose-response curves and the determination\r\nof IC50 and EC50 values. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 67(20), 17931\u2013\r\n17934. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02020\r\nStujanna, E., Ningsih, S., Nurusshofa, Z., Putri, N., Yashiro, T., & Sukarya, W.\r\n(2024). Affordable and simple protocol for immunofluorescence staining of\r\ninsulin secreting iGL cell line 2D and 3D. Deneysel ve Klinik T\u0131p Dergisi,\r\n41(3), 590\u2013594. https://doi.org/10.52442/omujecm.41.3.24\r\nSun, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, X., & Hu, H. (2021). The influence of cell cycle regulation\r\non chemotherapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13),\r\nArticle 6923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136923\r\nThennavan, A., Beca, F., Xia, Y., Garcia-Recio, S., Allison, K., Collins, L. C., Tse,\r\nG. M., Chen, Y. Y., Schnitt, S. J., Hoadley, K. A., Beck, A., & Perou, C. M.\r\n(2021). Molecular analysis of TCGA breast cancer histologic types. Cell\r\nGenomics, 1(3), Article 100067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100067\r\nTiwari, P., Kumar, B., & Kaur, M. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction:\r\nA review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), 98\u2013106.\r\nTuray, A., & Kargbo, H. A. (2025). Solvent efficiency in phytochemical extraction:\r\nA comparative study of methanol and water in Cassia siamea. International\r\nJournal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(5), 462\u2013468.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25may064\r\nUniyal, P., Akhtar, A., & Rawat, R. (2025). Flavonoid-based combination therapies\r\nand nano-formulations: An emerging frontier in breast cancer treatment.\r\nPharmaceuticals, 18(10), Article 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101486\r\nVafadar, A., Shabaninejad, Z., Movahedpour, A., Fallahi, F., Taghavipour, M.,\r\nGhasemi, Y., Akbari, M., Shafiee, A., Hajighadimi, S., Moradizarmehri, S.,\r\nRazi, E., Savardashtaki, A., & Mirzaei, H. (2020). Quercetin and cancer: New\r\ninsights into its therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer cells. Cell and\r\nBioscience, 10(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-020-00397-0\r\nvan den Boogaard, W. M. C., Komninos, D. S. J., & Vermeij, W. P. (2022).\r\nChemotherapy side-effects: Not all DNA damage is equal. Cancers, 14(3),\r\nArticle 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030627\r\nVillegas-Carlos, F., Andino-Araque, V., Valverde-Quintana, M., Larios-Cruz, K.\r\nY., P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Y., Solano-P\u00e9rez, J. J., & Ruvalcaba-Lim\u00f3n, E. (2022).\r\nPredictive factors of invasion in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by coreneedle\r\nbiopsy. Cirug\u00eda y Cirujanos, 90(1), 41\u201349.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.24875/CIRU.21000136\r\nWahyuningsih, S., Yunita, I., Sundari, M. U. Y., Pagalla, D. B., Kalalinggi, S.,\r\nAlpian, Nurmalasari, E., Suryandani, H., Ramlah, & Sundari, Y. (2024).\r\nEkstraksi bahan alam. Gita Lentera. https://gitalentera.com\r\nXiong, X., Zheng, L. W., Ding, Y., Chen, Y. F., Cai, Y. W., Wang, L. P., Huang,\r\nL., Liu, C. C., Shao, Z. M., & Yu, K. D. (2025). Breast cancer: Pathogenesis\r\nand treatments. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10(1), Article 4.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02108-4\r\nYang, H., Zheng, T., Ku, C. F., Ngai, C. K., Yue, G. G. L., Lee, H. K., & Lau, C.\r\nB. S. (2023). Discovery of a heat-generated compound DHD derived from\r\nPatrinia villosa water extract with inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells\r\nviability and migration. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11, Article 1195883.\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1195883\r\nZaini, M., Hidriya, H., & Japeri, J. (2020). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol\r\nMuntingia calabura dengan variasi laju pengadukan menggunakan maceratormagnetic\r\nstirrer (M-MS). Jurnal Pharmascience, 7(2),27\u2013\r\n35.https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/pharmascience",
      "institution": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka",
      "abstract": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efek sitotoksik ekstrak metanol daun Rasamala\r\nAltingia excelsa Noronha terhadap viabilitas sel kanker payudara MCF-7 secara in vitro.\r\nPenelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental, yang kemudian terbagi\r\nmenjadi kelompok kontrol serta kelompok perlakuan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak\r\n39,06; 78,125; 156,25; dan 312,5 \u03bcg/mL. Karakterisasi senyawa aktif fitokimia dianalisis\r\nmenggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) yang\r\nmemperlihatkan dominasi senyawa golongan terpenoid dan ester asam lemak. Efek\r\nperlakuan dievaluasi berdasarkan pengamatan kualitatif perubahan morfologi sel\r\nmenggunakan mikroskop inversi yang memperlihatkan adanya tanda kerusakan sel akibat\r\npaparan ekstrak berupa gejala pengerutan (cell shrinkage), perubahan bentuk menjadi\r\nmembulat (cell rounding), serta akumulasi debris sel seiring peningkatan konsentrasi\r\nperlakuan. Uji viabilitas kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode MTT assay dan di lakukan\r\nanalisis data menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan analisis regresi linear untuk\r\nmenentukan nilai Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa\r\nekstrak metanol daun Rasamala mampu menurunkan viabilitas sel MCF-7 secara signifikan\r\nseiring peningkatan konsentrasi perlakuan (dose-dependent manner) dengan p < 0,0001.\r\nNilai IC50 ekstrak metanol daun Rasamala terhadap sel MCF-7 diperoleh sebesar 191,67\r\n\u03bcg/mL yang menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik kategori sedang (moderate cytotoxic\r\nactivity).\r\nKata kunci: Altingia excelsa Noronha, aktivitas sitotoksik, IC50, MCF-7, MTT assay.",
      "ispublished": "pub",
      "thesis_name": "bphil",
      "creators": [
        {
          "name": {
            "honourific": null,
            "lineage": null,
            "given": "SALZABILLA",
            "family": "SALZABILLA SYAHRAJAB"
          }
        }
      ],
      "full_text_status": "restricted",
      "title": "SKRIPSI-2210015026-SALZABILLA SYAHRAJAB-REPOSITORY",
      "datestamp": "2026-09-14 08:06:23",
      "rev_number": 8,
      "divisions": [
        11201
      ],
      "eprintid": 56377
    }