eprintid: 12215 rev_number: 9 eprint_status: archive userid: 2953 dir: disk0/00/01/22/15 datestamp: 2021-12-21 03:39:17 lastmod: 2021-12-21 03:39:17 status_changed: 2021-12-21 03:39:17 type: article metadata_visibility: no_search creators_name: Mulyono, Herri creators_name: Ismayana, Deana creators_name: Liestyana, Anggi Rizki creators_name: Komara, Cahya creators_id: hmulyono@uhamka.ac.id creators_id: deanaismayana@gmail.com creators_id: aanggirizky@gmail.com creators_id: cahya.komara@uhamka.ac.id creators_orcid: 0000-0001-7994-8440 title: EFL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF INDONESIAN BLENDED LEARNING COURSE ACROSS GENDER AND TEACHING LEVELS ispublished: pub subjects: LB subjects: PE subjects: T1 divisions: 88203 abstract: Studies examining teachers’ perceptions of the application of blended learning abound in literature, however, few have explored if the teachers’ perception differed in reference to their gender and teaching level. In the current study, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions of Indonesian blended learning practices from the perspective of their gender and teaching levels were examined. A total of 247 EFL teachers across teaching levels, i.e. lower secondary school, upper secondary school, university, informal education and other levels were surveyed. Statistical analyses using Rasch Model and ANOVA were performed to analyse the quantitative data. The findings showed that teachers’ perceptions about blended learning were positive but were not statistically significantly different between male and female teachers. Regarding teaching levels, teachers’ perceptions about skill and experience and their motivation to exercise blended learning were significantly different (Fskill and experience= 5.373, p < .05; Fmotivation= 2.555, p < .05), whereas the interaction and communication as well as the effectiveness and flexibility domains were not. More specifically, university teachers’ perceptions regarding skill and experience statistically differed from those teaching in upper secondary school (M = 2.48, p < .05) and informal education (M = 2.48, p < .05). Insufficient training and supports on blended learning were the primary challenges that constrained teachers from designing and managing the blended learning activities, consequently preventing them from addressing technical issues that emerged during blended learning practices date: 2021 date_type: published publisher: IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group, University of Nicosia Maria Curie-Skłodowska University official_url: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=924222 full_text_status: public publication: The Journal of Teaching English with Technology volume: 21 number: 1 pagerange: 60-74 refereed: TRUE issn: 1642-1027 related_url_url: https://tewtjournal.org/volume-2021/volume-21-issue-1/ related_url_type: org referencetext: Adams, D., Sumintono, B., Mohamed, A., & Noor, N. S. M. (2018). E-learning readiness among students of diverse backgrounds in a leading Malaysian higher education institution. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 227-256. Bueno-Alastuey, C. & Lopez-Perez, M. V. (2013). Evaluation of a blended learning language course: Students’ perceptions of appropriateness for the development of skills and language areas. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(6), 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.770037 Aldosemani, T., Shepherd, C. E., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Perceptions of instructors teaching in Saudi blended learning environments. TechTrends, 63, 341-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0342-1 Borup, J., Graham, C. R., & Velasquez, A. (2011). The use of asynchronous video communication to improve instructor immediacy and social presence in a blended learning environment. In A. Kitchenham (ed.), Blended Learning across Disciplines: Models for Implementation (pp. 38-57). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K., & Bell, R. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). New York: Routledge. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11 Hung, M., & Chou, C. (2015). Students’ perceptions of instructors’ roles in blended and online learning environments : A comparative study. Computers & Education, 81, 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.022 Islam, M. (2011). Effect of demographic factors on e-learning effectiveness in a higher learning Institution in Malaysia. International Education Studies, 4(1), 112-121. Krasnova, T., & Vanushin, I. (2016). Blended learning perception among undergraduate engineering students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 11(1), 54-56. Kuo, Y.-C., Belland, B. R., Schroder, K. E. E., & Walker, A. E. (2015). K-12 teachers’ perceptions of and their satisfaction with interaction type in blended learning environments. Distance Education, 35(3), 360-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.955265 Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Learner and instructional factors influencing learning outcomes within a blended learning environment. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 282-293. Lin, W.-S., & Wang, C.-H. (2012). Antecedences to continued intentions of adopting e-learning system in blended learning instruction: A contingency framework based on models of information system success and task�technology fit. Computers & Education, 58(1), 88-99. Linacre, J. M. (2018). A User’s guide to Winsteps Ministep Rasch-model Computer Programs (version 4.3.1). Available at https://www.winsteps.com/a/Winsteps-Manual.pdf (accessed March 19, 2019). López-Pérez, M. V., Pérez-López, M. C., & Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2011). Blended learning in higher education: Students’ perceptions and their relation to outcomes. Computers & Education, 56(3), 818-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.10.023 Mulyono, H., Liestyana, A. R., Warni, S., & Suryoputro, G. (2019). Indonesian students’ anxiety to write in English as a foreign language across gender and educational levels. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 78(2), 249-262 Ningsih, S. K., Narahara, S., & Mulyono, H. (2018). An exploration of factors contributing to students’ unwillingness to communicate in a foreign language across Indonesian secondary schools. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4), 811-824. Ocak, M. A. (2011). Why are faculty members not teaching blended courses ? Insights from faculty members. Computers & Education, 56(3), 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.10.011 Solihati, N., & Mulyono, H. (2017). A hybrid classroom instruction in second language teacher education (SLTE): A critical reflection of teacher educators. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 12(5), 169-180. Thang, S. M., Wong, F. F., & Noor, N. M. (2012). Using a blended approach to teach English for academic purposes : Malaysian students’ perceptions of redesigned course materials. International Journal of Pedagogy and Learning, 7(2), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.2012.7.2.142 Villalon, C. (2017). Influence of Instructors’ Attitudes, Gender, and Technology Training when Implementing Blended Learning. Doctoral dissertation. Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix. Woo, Y., & Reeves, T. C. (2007). Meaningful interaction in web-based learning: A social constructivist interpretation. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 15-25. Woods, R., Baker, J. D., & Hopper, D. (2004). Hybrid structures: Faculty use and perception of web-based courseware as a supplement to face-to-face instruction. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(4), 281-297. Yang, Y.-F. (2012). Blended learning for college students with English reading difficulties. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(5), 393-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.597767 Zibin, A., & Altakhaineh, A. R. M. (2018). The effect of blended learning on the development of clause combining as an aspect of the acquisition of written discourse by Jordanian learners of English as a foreign language. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35, 256-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12327 citation: Mulyono, Herri dan Ismayana, Deana dan Liestyana, Anggi Rizki dan Komara, Cahya (2021) EFL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF INDONESIAN BLENDED LEARNING COURSE ACROSS GENDER AND TEACHING LEVELS. The Journal of Teaching English with Technology, 21 (1). pp. 60-74. ISSN 1642-1027 document_url: http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/eprint/12215/1/ARTICLE4.pdf